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Low-cost sensor-based investigation of CO2 and volatile organic compounds in classrooms: Exploring dynamics, ventilation effects and perceived air quality relations

Joerg Riebel

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An empty classroom

This study examined classroom air quality (CAQ) and found high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) alongside CO2. VOCs increased with occupancy and insufficient ventilation. While CO2 correlated with VOCs, VOCs were more impacted by classroom activities. Mechanical ventilation helped but most classrooms still exceeded CO2 guidelines. Interestingly, higher VOCs correlated with better perceived air quality, suggesting people may not notice VOCs.

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